Literacia Sobre a Diabetes: uma análise da USF Tejo

A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma doença crónica, tendencialmente hereditária ou de ordem genética, que se manifesta na maioria dos casos a partir dos 45 anos de idade, em particular a Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2). Sendo uma doença “silenciosa e que não se sente”, as pessoas tendem a não valorizar as consequências e as complicações que esta origina . Um dos fatores de risco emergente e galopante deste século é o aumento exponencial da obesidade entre outros fatores da vida dos nossos dias. As dificuldades de adesão às alterações do estilo de vida (dieta e prática de exercício físico) são responsáveis pelo aumento de doenças crónicas em particular da DM2, base deste estudo e o tipo de diabetes com maior prevalência. O estudo foi desenvolvido na Unidade de Saúde Familiar Tejo (USF Tejo) na zona da grande Lisboa, com uma amostra constituída por utilizadores desta Unidade de Saúde. O objetivo é avaliar os conhecimentos e informação sobre a diabetes dos utilizadores desta Unidade de Saúde e ainda, se se encontram motivados a alterar o estilo de vida como medida preventiva. O resultado é a caracterização da população da USF Tejo em relação à DM2 e providenciar informação à equipa de profissionais desta Unidade de Saúde. Procedeu-se a um inquérito por questionário para obtenção de respostas às questões formuladas a pessoas com diabetes, a pessoas que não tinham a doença e por fim a pessoas que não sabiam se tinham ou não a doença com o objetivo de analisar o tema da diabetes neste grupo. Face aos resultados do estudo, considera-se que estes estudo indicou ter potencial de utilização no planeamento de políticas de caráter informativo aos doentes com diabetes, pré-diabéticos e a todos os doentes de risco: obesos, excesso de peso, hipertensos, etc., visando a definição de políticas de prevenção da diabetes aos utentes da USF Tejo bem como métricas de prevenção de uma patologia que tendencialmente cresce nesta Unidade de Saúde. O grau de literacia em diabetes da população inquirida ainda não é o desejável, assim haverá necessidade de criar motivacões adicionais e sensibilizar os indivíduos a desenvolverem estilos de vida mais saudáveis do que aqueles que praticam atualmente.Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, inherited or genetic disease that manifests itself in most cases from the age of 45, in particular Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Being a "silent and not feeling" disease, people tend not to value the consequences and complications that this causes. One of the emerging and rampant risk factors of this century is the exponential increase in obesity among other factors in today's life. Adherence to lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) is responsible for the increase of chronic diseases in particular of DM2, the basis of this study and the type of diabetes with a higher prevalence. The study was developed at the Tejo Family Health Unit (USF Tejo) in the Greater Lisbon area, with a sample of users of this Health Unit. The objective is to evaluate the knowledge and information about diabetes of the users of this Health Unit and if they are motivated to change their way of life as a preventive measure. The result is the characterization of the population of USF Tejo in relation to DM2 and provide more information elements to the team of professionals of this Health Unit. A questionnaire was conducted to obtain answers to questions asked by people with diabetes, people who did not have the disease, and finally people who did not know whether or not they had the disease to analyze the topic of diabetes in this group. In view of the results of the study, it is considered that these studies indicated that it has potential of use in the planning of informative policies for patients with diabetes, pre-diabetics and all patients at risk: obese, overweight, hypertensive, etc., aiming at the definition of policies to prevent diabetes to USF Tejo users, as well as metrics to prevent a pathology that tends to grow in this Health Unit. The degree of diabetes literacy of the reporting population is still not the desirable, so there is a need to create additional motivations and to sensitize individuals to develop healthier lifestyles than those being practice toda

O discurso hegemônico sobre o uso das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação na educação nas vozes de professores de Sociologia de Marabá/PA

Education has been a fertile space for the dissemination of hegemonic discourse aiming at the evolution of teaching to market logic. In this article we discuss the composition of the Pact for Education in Pará (PEP) practices network and how hegemonic discourse is incorporated into educational processes in the voices of Sociology teachers in Marabá. The following methods were used: bibliographic analysis directed us to the Critical Discourse Analysis (ADC), developed by Norman Fairclough. The data were collected through a survey with teachers of the discipline of Sociology in public high schools. The result shows that the teachers' statements reproduce the association between Digital Information and Communication Technologies and learning, as they are produced in the network of practice, being materialized in the regulatory frameworks of educational politics.A educação tem se constituído um espaço fértil à disseminação do discurso hegemônico, objetivando a evolução do ensino à lógica de mercado. Neste artigo, discutimos a composição da rede de práticas do Pacto pela Educação no Pará (PEP) e como o discurso hegemônico é incorporado aos processos educacionais e nas vozes dos professores de Sociologia em Marabá. Constituíram-se como métodos: análise bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo. A análise bibliográfica nos direcionou à Análise do Discurso Crítica (ADC), elaborada por Norman Fairclough. Os dados foram coletados mediante aplicação de survey junto a professores da disciplina de Sociologia nas escolas públicas de ensino médio. O resultado evidencia que os enunciados dos professores reproduzem a associação entre as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação e aprendizagem, tal qual são produzidos na rede de práticas, estando materializados nos marcos regulatórios da política educacional.

Molecular evolution of the three short PGRPs of the malaria vectors <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> and <em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> in East Africa

BACKGROUND: Immune responses to parasites, which start with pathogen recognition, play a decisive role in the control of the infection in mosquitoes. Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are an important family of pattern recognition receptors that are involved in the activation of these immune reactions. Pathogen pressure can exert adaptive changes in host genes that are crucial components of the vector's defence. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular evolution of the three short PGRPs (PGRP-S1, PGRP-S2 and PGRP-S3) in the two main African malaria vectors - Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis. RESULTS: Genetic diversity of An. gambiae and An. arabiensis PGRP-S1, PGRP-S2 and PGRP-S3 was investigated in samples collected from Mozambique and Tanzania. PGRP-S1 diversity was lower than for PGRP-S2 and PGRP-S3. PGRP-S1 was the only gene differentiated between the two species. All the comparisons made for PGRP-S1 showed significant P-values for Fst estimates and AMOVA confirming a clear separation between species. For PGRP-S2 and PGRP-S3 genes it was not possible to group populations either by species or by geographic region. Phylogenetic networks reinforced the results obtained by the AMOVA and Fst values. The ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions (Ka)/synonymous substitutions (Ks) for the duplicate pair PGRP-S2 and PGRP-S3 was very similar and lower than 1. The 3D model of the different proteins coded by these genes showed that amino acid substitutions were concentrated at the periphery of the protein rather than at the peptidoglycan recognition site. CONCLUSIONS: PGRP-S1 is less diverse and showed higher divergence between An. gambiae and An. arabiensis regardless of geographic location. This probably relates to its location in the chromosome-X, while PGRP-S2 and PGRP-S3, located in chromosome-2L, showed signs of autosomal introgression. The two short PGRP genes located in the chromosome-2L were under purifying selection, which suggests functional constraints. Different types of selection acting on PGRP-S1 and PGRP-S2 and S3 might be related to their different function and catalytic activity

APPLYING FMECA IN THE RISK MANAGEMENT IN ROAD TRANSPORT

Este trabalho de pesquisa tem o objetivo de aplicar técnicas de análise de risco buscando avaliar seu uso no gerenciamento de riscos operacionais. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa de transporte rodoviário de cargas do Estado de Santa Catarina, para identificação dos fatores que influenciam a atividade de transporte rodoviário de cargas. Na identificação dos modos de falha a que estão sujeitos as atividades relacionadas ao transporte, bem como sua freqüência, gravidade e graus de detecção, foram realizadas entrevistas com questionários semi-estruturados. Na análise dos dados foi utilizada a técnica FMECA que analisa cada um dos componentes de um sistema, verifica as possibilidades de falha e avalia os efeitos destas falhas sobre os demais componentes e sobre o sistema como um todo. Verificou-se a possibilidade de utilização dessa métrica no gerenciamento de risco na organização e foram apontadas as contribuições que esta utilização pode trazer para melhoria do gerenciamento de risco em transporte rodoviário de cargas.This research work has the objective of applying techniques of risk analysis looking for to evaluate its use in the operational risks management. A case study was accomplished in a road transport company of Santa Catarina's State, for identification of the factors that influence the road transport activity. The identification of the flaw manners the one that is subject the activities related to the transport as well as its frequency, gravity and detection degrees used interviews with questionnaires structured semi. Technical FMECA analyze each one of the components of a system, it verifies the flaw possibilities and it evaluates the effects of these flaws on the other components and on the system as a whole. The possibility of use of this metric was verified in the risk management in the organization and were pointed the contributions that this use can bring for improvement of the risk management in road transport

Pest categorisation of the non-EU phytoplasmas of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of nine phytoplasmas of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L. (hereafter “host plants”) known to occur only outside the EU or having a limited presence in the EU. This opinion covers the (i) reference strains of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’, ‘Ca. P. fraxini’, ‘Ca. P. hispanicum’, ‘Ca. P. trifolii’, ‘Ca. P. ziziphi’, (ii) related strains infecting the host plants of ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’, ‘Ca. P. pruni’, and ‘Ca. P. pyri’, and (iii) an unclassified phytoplasma causing Buckland valley grapevine yellows. Phytoplasmas can be detected by available methods and are efficiently transmitted by vegetative propagation, with plants for planting acting as a major entry pathway and a long‐distance spread mechanism. Phytoplasmas are also transmitted in a persistent and propagative manner by some insect families of the Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha and Sternorrhyncha (order Hemiptera). No transovarial, pollen or seed transmission has been reported. The natural host range of the categorised phytoplasmas varies from one to more than 90 plant species, thus increasing the possible entry pathways. The host plants are widely cultivated in the EU. All the categorised phytoplasmas can enter and spread through the trade of host plants for planting, and by vectors. Establishment of these phytoplasmas is not expected to be limited by EU environmental conditions. The introduction of these phytoplasmas in the EU would have an economic impact. There are measures to reduce the risk of entry, establishment, spread and impact. Uncertainties result from limited information on distribution, biology and epidemiology. All the phytoplasmas categorised here meet the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as potential Union quarantine pests, and they do not qualify as potential regulated non‐quarantine pests, because they are non‐EU phytoplasmas